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A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence

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1940s–1950s: Foundations

• Alan Turing proposes the idea of a thinking machine and introduces the Turing Test (1950).

• Early computers demonstrate simple logic and problem-solving.​

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1956: The Birth of AI

• The term “Artificial Intelligence” is coined at the Dartmouth Conference, considered the official start of the field.

• Early programs like Logic Theorist show machines can perform symbolic reasoning.​

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1960s–1970s: Early Growth

• Researchers build systems that play checkers, solve algebra, and understand simple language.

• Expert systems emerge—programs designed to mimic human specialists (e.g., medical diagnosis).​

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1970s–1980s: The AI Winters

• Funding and optimism drop as progress slows.

• Limitations in computing power and data lead to two major “AI winters.”

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1990s: AI Becomes Practical

• Improved algorithms and faster hardware revive the field.

• Major milestone: IBM’s Deep Blue defeats world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997.

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2000s: Machine Learning & Big Data

• Large datasets and advanced computing allow AI to learn from examples.

• AI starts powering search engines, recommendations, and speech recognition.​

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2010s: Deep Learning Breakthroughs

• Neural networks become incredibly powerful with GPUs.

• AI surpasses humans in areas such as image recognition.

• 2016: Google DeepMind’s AlphaGo defeats Go champion Lee Sedol—a historic achievement.

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2020s: Generative AI

• Models like GPT, DALL·E, and others create human-like text, images, and audio.

• AI becomes mainstream in business, education, medicine, and entertainment.